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Table 7
Summary of climatic and environmental variations around the Oligocene/Miocene boundary determined from the sedimentology and lacustrine faunal and vegetal associations in the Limagne basin.
| Age | Bio zone | Facies | Faunal data | Floral data | Environments | Climatic trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aquitanian | MN2a | Alternation of marl and calcarenite with root traces | Caddisflies | Pinaceae | Lacustrine environment −shallow fresh water | Dry and cold |
| Cyprinidae (tenches) | Graminaceae | |||||
| Beaver | Cyperaceae | |||||
| Valvata sp.. | Cupressaceae | |||||
| Pseudamnicola sp. | ||||||
| MN2a | Miliolidae | Palm tree | Marshy environment −brackish water | Dry and warm | ||
| Caddisflies | Characeae | |||||
| MN1 | Alternation of marl, calcarenite with channels of detrital sand | Caddisflies | Cyperaceae |
Lacustrine environment −shallow fresh water and fluvial arrivals |
Wet and warm | |
| Cyprinidae (tenches) | Cupressaceae | |||||
| Valvata sp.. | Euhorbiaceae | |||||
| Pseudamnicola sp. | Juglandaceae | |||||
| MP30/MN1 | Alternations of marl, calcarenite with root traces and mudcracks, lacustrine limestone | Flamingos | Discrepancies of Chattian floras | Shoreline retreat | Aridity event | |
| Hydrobia sp. | Tenches thanatocoenosis | |||||
| Cyprinidae (tenches) | Brackish water | |||||
| Chattian | Alternation of marl, calcarenite with root traces and ostracod-rich calcarenites | Beaver | Gramineae | Lacustrine environment −shallow fresh water | Dry and cold | |
| MP30 | Cyprinidae (tenches) | Cyperaceae | ||||
| VI | Caddisflies | Cupressaceae | ||||
| Pseudamnicola sp. (rare) | ||||||
| Ostracods dominant | ||||||
| Alternation of marl and calcarenite, ostracod-rich calcarenite, channels of detrital sandstone locally | Cyprinidae (tenches) | Chenopodiaceae | Lacustrine environment −shallow fresh water | Wet and warm | ||
| Caddisflies | Ericaceae | |||||
| Pseudamnicola sp. (rare) | Ulmaceae | |||||
| MP29 | Ostracods dominant | Juglandaceae | ||||
| V | Fagaceae | |||||
| Oleaceae | ||||||
| Pinaceae | ||||||
| Cupressaceae | ||||||
| Cyperaceae | ||||||
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