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Table 3
Synthesis of human occupation phases (HOP) and abandonment phases (AP) since the Iron Age; CFS: coprophilic fungus spores; CP: carbonized particles.
| Phases | Dates (cal. BP) | Paleoecological evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Chrono-cultural period | Main human activities | |
| HOP9 | 235-44 | Crops, Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Plantago major/media, Urticaceae, Anthemideae, Cichorioideae, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex, CFS |
| Modern period | Agropastoral activities | |
| AP5 | 360-235 | Decrease in anthropogenic pressure |
| Modern period | ||
| HOP8 | 480-360 | Crops, Artemisia, Centaurea cyanus, Chenopodiaceae, Papaver, Plantago major/media, Centaurea jacea, Anthemideae, Cichorioideae, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex, CFS |
| Late Middle Ages/Modern period | Agropastoral activities | |
| AP4 | 570-480 | Decrease in anthropogenic pressure |
| Late Middle Ages | ||
| HOP7 | 950-570 | Crops, Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Urticaceae, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex, Calluna, Centaurea cyanus, Anthemideae, Cichorioideae |
| High Middle Ages, Late Middle Ages | Agropastoral activities | |
| PA3 | 1160-950 | Abandonment |
| Early Middle Ages | ||
| POH6 | 1280-1160 | Crops, CFS, CP |
| Early Middle Ages | Cultures of crops and livestock farming | |
| PA2 | 1410-1280 | Abandonment |
| Early Middle Ages | ||
| POH5 | 1565-1410 | Plantago lanceolata, Rumex, CFS |
| Gallo-Roman period/Early Middle Ages | Pastoral activities | |
| POH4 | 1935-1565 | crops, CP |
| Gallo-Roman period | Culture of crops | |
| POH3 | 2150-1935 | Anthemideae, Cichorioideae, Rumex, Calluna, CFS |
| Iron Age/Gallo-Roman period | Pastoral activities | |
| PA1 | 2350-2150 | Abandonment |
| Iron Age | ||
| POH2 | 2600-2350 | crops, Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, CP, Calluna |
| Iron Age | Culture of crops | |
| POH1 | 2800-2600 | crops, Artemisia, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex, CFS, CP |
| Bronze Age/Iron Age | Agropastoral activities |
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