Plate motion, lithospheric deformation and mantle flow. A. Differential velocities between lithosphere and asthenosphere in plate attached to slabs and overriding plates and associated deformation, after Coltice et al. (2019). B Slab-pull versus slab-suction orogeny after Faccenna et al. (2013a). In slab-pull orogens, the slab is retreating and flow lines in the mantle thus cross the slab, while in slab-suction orogens, the slab is anchored in the lower mantle at the contact between two convection cells.