Representative photomicrographs of samples from the Yinggezhuang, Jinniushan, Jinqingding and Shicheng gold deposits. (a) Chalcopyrite (Ccp) filling the fractures of cube pyrite (Py1) and pyritohedron pyrite (Py2) (RPPL); (b) Euhedral cube pyrite (Py4) (RPPL); (c) Assemblage of quartz (Qtz4) and calcite (Cal) (TXPL); (d) Quartz (Qtz2) was distributed along the quartz (Qtz1) boundaries and fractures (TXPL); (e) Cube pyrite (Py1) and pyritohedron pyrite (Py2) (RPPL); (f) Quartz (Qtz2) was distributed along the quartz (Qtz1) boundaries and fractures (TXPL); (g) Pyrite (Py1) is replaced by chalcopyrite (Ccp) (RPPL); (h) Large pyrite crystal (Py1) and fine-grain pyrite (Py2) (RPPL); (i) The boundary between quartz (Qtz2, left) was distributed along the quartz (Qtz1, right) (TXPL); (j), (k), (l) Large pyrite crystal (Py1) (RPPL); (m) Cube pyrite (Py1) and pyritohedron pyrite (Py2) (RPPL); (n) Pyrite (Py1) is replaced by chalcopyrite (Ccp) (RPPL+TXPL); (o) Siderite (Sd), Pyrite (Py4) and quartz (Qtz4) filling fractures (RPPL+TXPL). Red circle points show the locations of in situ sulphur isotope spots. The orange dotted frame show the locations of EPMA mapping. RPPL: reflected plane-polar ised light, TXPL: transmitted crossed-polar ised light.