Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the NNW-NNE trending Libiri doleritic dyke swarm of the Paleoproterozoic Liptako basement (West Niger): Genesis and magmatic evolution

Open Access

Review

Issue		BSGF - Earth Sci. Bull. Volume 196, 2025


Article Number		18
Number of page(s)		23
DOI		https://doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2025019
Published online		07 November 2025

Abdou A, Bonnot H, Bory Kadey D, Chalamet D, Saint Martin M, Younfa I. 1998. Notice explicative des cartes géologiques du liptako à 1/100000e et 1/200 000e. Ministère Des Mines et de la Géologie, République du Niger, Niamey, 64. [Google Scholar]
ACDI. 1973. Levé aéromagnétique du Liptako Gourma. Ministère Des Mines et de l’Energie, Niamey, République Du Niger. [Google Scholar]
Ahmed Y, Attourabi SA, Hallarou MM, Chamsi LI, Noura GR, Sanda CMM. 2022. Relationship between regional deformation and the emplacement of the Dibilo pegmatites (Liptako, West Niger). J Afr Earth Sci 198: 1–16. [Google Scholar]
Ahmed Y, Soumaila A, Harouna M. 2018. Basaltes quaternaires du Fossé de Termit-Agadem (Niger Oriental): caractérisation et signification géodynamique. Annal Univ Abdou Moumouni, Tome XXIII-A, 1: 91–111. [Google Scholar]
Affaton P, Gaviglio P, Pharisat A. 2000. Réactivation du craton ouest-africain au Panafricain: Paléocontraintes déduites de la fracturation des grès néoprotérozoïques de Karey Gorou (Niger, Afrique de l’Ouest). Comptes Rendus de l’Academie de Sciences − Serie IIa: Sciences de La Terre et Des Planetes 332: 609–614. [Google Scholar]
Aifa T, Lefort JP, Drareni A. 2001. When did the India − Asia collision really happen? Gondwana Res 4: 559–560. [Google Scholar]
Ama Salah I, Liegeois JP, Pouclet A. 1996. Evolution d’un arc insulaire océanique birimien précoce au Liptako nigérien (Sirba): Géologie, géochronologie et géochimie. J Afr Earth Sci 22: 235–254. [Google Scholar]
Ama Salah I. 1991. Pétrographie et relations structurales des formations metavolcaniques et sédimentaires du Birimien du Niger occidental. Problème de l’accrétion crustale au paléoprotérozoique inférieur. Thèse de Doctorat de l’Université d’Orléan, 270p. [Google Scholar]
Asiedu DK, Dampare SB, Sakyi PA, Banoeng-Yakubo B, Osae S, Nyarko BJB, et al. 2004. Geochemistry of Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks from the Birim diamondiferous field, southern Ghana: Implications for provenance and crustal evolution at the Archean-Proterozoic boundary. Geochem J 38: 215–228. [Google Scholar]
Attourabi S, Marieke VL, Hallarou MM, Ahmed A, Mamane Moustapha Y, Chékaraou S. 2024b. Petrogragenetic realtionships between paleoproterozoic granitoids and rare-element pegmatites from Dibilo (Liptako, West Niger, West African Craton). J Afr Earth Sci 220: 105440. [Google Scholar]
Augustin J, Gaboury D. 2017. Paleoproterozoic plume-related basaltic rocks in the Mana gold district in western Burkina Faso, West Africa: Implications for exploration and the source of gold in orogenic deposits. J Afr Earth Sci 129: 17–30. [Google Scholar]
Backman JDRA, et al. 1988. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts 115 College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program). Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, 115 Initial Reports. [Google Scholar]
Baratoux L, Metelka V, Naba S, Jessell MW, Grégoire M, Ganne J. 2011. Juvenile Paleoproterozoic crust evolution during the Eburnean orogeny (∼2.2-2.0Ga), western Burkina Faso. Precambrian Res 191: 18–45. [Google Scholar]
Baratoux L, Söderlund U, Ernst RE, Roever E, Jessell MW, Kamo S, et al. 2019. New U-PB baddeleyite ages of mafic dyke swarms of the west African and amazonian cratons: Implication for their configuration in supercontinents through time. Springer Geol 263–314. [Google Scholar]
Bassot J-P., Cantagrel J-M., Jamond C. 1986. Nouvelles données géochronologiques sur les dolérites et gabbros de l’est du Sénégal et de la Guinée Bisseau. Reflexions sur l’age de mise en place et la répartition du magmatisme tholéiitique continental à l’échelle de l’Afrique de l’Ouest. CNRS, UA, Université de Clermont II, France 7: 1–14. [Google Scholar]
Béziat D, Bourges F, Debat P, Lompo M, Martin F, Tollon F. 2000. A Paleoproterozoic ultramafic-mafic assemblage and associated volcanic rocks of the Boromo greenstone belt: Fractionates originating from island-arc volcanic activity in the West African craton. Precambrian Res 101: 25–47. [Google Scholar]
Bogdanova VS, Gintov OB, Kurlovich DM, Lubnina NB, Nilsson MKM, Orlyuk MI, et al. 2013. Late Palaeoproterozoic mafic dyking in the Ukrainian Shield of Volgo-Sarmatia caused by rotation during the assembly of supercontinent Columbia (Nuna). Lithos 12: 196–216. [Google Scholar]
Bonhomme M. 1962. Contribution à l’étude géochronologique de la plate-forme de l’Ouest Africain. Annals de la Faculté des Sciences de Université de Clermont-Ferrand Géol. Minéral 5: 62. [Google Scholar]
Boynton WV. 1983. Cosmochemistry of the rare earth elements: meteorite studies. Rare Earth Element Geochem 63–114. [Google Scholar]
Bryan SE, Ferrari L. 2013. Large igneous provinces and silicic large igneous provinces: Progress in our understanding over the last 25 years. Bull Geol Soc Am 125: 1053–1078. [Google Scholar]
Cabanis B, Thieblemont D. 1988. La discrimination des tholeiites continentales et des basaltes arriere-arc; proposition d’un nouveau diagramme, le triangle Th-3xTb-2xTa. Bulletin de La Société Géologique de France 6: 927–935. [Google Scholar]
Chabou MC, Bertrand H, Sebaï A. 2010. Geochemistry of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) in south-western Algeria. J Afr Earth Sci 58: 211–219. [Google Scholar]
Chabou MC, Sebai A, Féraud G, Bertrand H. 2007. Datation Ar / 39 Ar de la province magmatique de l ’ Atlantique central dans le Sud-Ouest algérien. Comptes Rendus Geosci 339: 970–978. [Google Scholar]
Cheilletz A, Cuney M, … B. C. 1994. 40 Ar/39 Ar ages of the Beauvoir topaze-lepidolite leucogranite and the Chedeville sodolithic pegmatite (North French Massif Central). Petrologic and geodynamic signfication. CR Acad Sci Paris, t. 315, Série II, 329–336. [Google Scholar]
Condie KC. 1997. Sources of proterozoic mafic dyke swarms: Constraints from Th/Ta and La/Yb ratios. Precambrian Res 81: 3–14. [Google Scholar]
Cournède C. 2010. Etude pétrographique, géochimique et paléomagnétique de dykes doléritiques au Burkina Faso. MSc. Thesis, Univ. Toulouse. 32 p. [Google Scholar]
Cox KG. 1980. A model for flood basalt vulcanism. J Petrol 21: 629–650. [Google Scholar]
Dampare SB, Shibata T, Asiedu DK, Osae S, Banoeng-Yakubo B. 2008. Geochemistry of Paleoproterozoic metavolcanic rocks from the southern Ashanti volcanic belt, Ghana: Petrogenetic and tectonic setting implications. Precambrian Res 162: 403–423. [Google Scholar]
De Kock GS, Armstrong RA, Siegfried HP, Thomas E. 2011. Geochronology of the Birim Supergroup of the West African craton in the Wa-Bolé region of west-central Ghana: Implications for the stratigraphic framework. J Afr Earth Sci 59: 1–40. [Google Scholar]
Deer WA, Howie RA, Zussman J. 1986. An introduction to the rock-forming minerals, 17th ed. Longman Ltd., 528p. [Google Scholar]
Dupuis D, Pons J, Prost AE. 1991. Mise en place de plutons et caractérisation de la déformation au Niger Occidental. CR Acad Sci Paris, t.309, 816 Série ll, 1847–1853. [Google Scholar]
Dupuy C, Dostal J. 1984. Trace element geochemistry of some continental tholeiites. Earth Planet Sci Lett 67: 61–69. [Google Scholar]
Egal E, Thiéblemont D, Lahondère D, Guerrot C, Costea CA, Iliescu D, et al. 2002. Late Eburnean granitization and tectonics along the western and northwestern margin of the Archean Kénéma-Man domain (Guinea, West African Craton). Precambrian Res 117: 57–84. [Google Scholar]
El Bahat A, Ikenne M, Söderlund U, Cousens B, Youbi N, Ernst RE, et al. 2013. U-Pb baddeleyite ages and geochemistry of dolerite dykes in the Bas Drâa Inlier of the Anti-Atlas of Morocco: Newly identified 1380Ma event in the West African Craton. Lithos 174: 85–98. [Google Scholar]
Ernst RE, Bond DPG, Zhang SH, Buchan KL, Grasby SE, Youbi N, et al. 2021. Large igneous province record through time and implications for secular environmental changes and geological time-scale boundaries. In Large Igneous Provinces: A Driver of Global Environmental and Biotic Changes 26p. [Google Scholar]
Ernst RE, Bleeker W, Söderlund U, Kerr AC. 2013. Large Igneous Provinces and supercontinents: Toward completing the plate tectonic revolution. Lithos 174: 1–14. [Google Scholar]
Ernst RE, Buchan KL. 2002. Maximum size and distribution in time and space of mantle plumes: evidence from large igneous provinces. J Geodyn 34: 309–342. [Google Scholar]
Garba Saley H, Konaté M, Okunlola OA. 2024. Petrographic study of mn-bearing gondite (Birimian) of téra area in the leo-man shield (West African Craton) in Niger. Econ Environ Geol 57: 25–39. [Google Scholar]
Garba Saley H. 2022. Contexte de mise en place des minéralisations en chrome et en cuivre des formations birimièennes de la région de Makalondi (Liptako, Ouest Niger): implication géodynamique. Thèse de Doctorat de l’Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, 260p. [Google Scholar]
Gasquet D, Barbey P, Adou M, Paquette JL. 2003. Structure, Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry and zircon U-Pb geochronology of the granitoids of the Dabakala area (Côte d’Ivoire): Evidence for a 2.3 Ga crustal growth event in the Palaeoproterozoic of West Africa? Precambrian Res 127: 329–354. [Google Scholar]
Grenholm M, Jessell M, Thébaud N. 2019. A geodynamic model for the Paleoproterozoic (ca. 2. 27–1.96 Ga) Birimian Orogen of the southern West African Craton − Insights into an evolving accretionary-collisional orogenic system. Earth-Sci Rev 192: 138–193. [Google Scholar]
Griffin WL, O’Reilly SY, Afonso JC, Begg GC. 2009. The composition and evolution of lithospheric mantle: A re-evaluation and its tectonic implications. J Petrol 50: 1185–1204. [Google Scholar]
Grill R. 2010. Igneous rocks and processes: a practical guide. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 440. [Google Scholar]
Hafid A, Sagon JP, Julivert M, Arboleya ML, Saquaque A, El-Boukhari A, et al. 2001. Neoproterozoic basic dykes of the Zenaga Inlier, central Anti-Atlas, Morocco: Petrology, geochemistry and geodynamic significance. J Afr Earth Sci 32: 707–721. [Google Scholar]
Hallarou MM, Konaté M, Olatunji AS, Ahmed Y. 2020b. The Kourki porphyry Cu-Mo deposit is located in the southern part of the Gorouol greenstone belt in Western. Geol Soc London Spec Publ 1: 1–13. [Google Scholar]
Hallarou MM. 2021. Contexte de mise en place des minéralisations en cuivre et en molybdène des formations birimiennes de la région de Kourki (Liptako, Ouest Niger): Génèse et évolution magmatique. Thèse de Doctorat, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, 255p. [Google Scholar]
Hirdes W, Davis DW. 2002. U-Pb geochronology of Paleoproterozoic rocks in the southern part of the Kedougou-Kéniéba Inlier, Senegal, West Africa: Evidence for diachronous accretionary development of the Eburnean province. Precambrian Res 118: 83–99. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Hou, T., Zhang, Z., Kusky, T., Du, Y., Liu, J., Zhao, Z. (2011). A reappraisal of the high-Ti and low-Ti classification of basalts and petrogeneticlinkage between basalts and mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the Emeishan Large gneous Province, SW China.Ore Geology Reviews 41, 133–143 [Google Scholar]
Jensen LS. 1976. A new plot for classifying subalkalic volcanic rocks. Ontario Division of Mines, Miscellaneous, Paper 66: 1–2. [Google Scholar]
Jessell M, Santoul J, Baratoux L, Youbi N, Ernst RE, Metelka V, et al. 2015. An updated map of West African mafic dykes. J Afr Earth Sci 112: 440–450. [Google Scholar]
Koffi AY, Thébaud N, Kouamelan AN, Baratoux L, Bruguier O, Vanderhaeghe O, et al. 2022. Archean to Paleoproterozoic crustal evolution in the Sassandra-Cavally domain (Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa): Insights from Hf and U-Pb zircon analyses. Precambrian Res 382: 1–23. [Google Scholar]
Kouamelan AN, Kra KSA, Djro SC, Paquette JL, Peucat JJ. 2018. The Logoualé Band: A large Archean crustal block in the Kenema-Man domain (Man-Leo rise, West African Craton) remobilized during Eburnean orogeny (2.05 Ga). J Afr Earth Sci 148: 6–13. [Google Scholar]
Kouyaté D, Söderlund U, Youbi N, Ernst RE, Ha A, Ikenne M, et al. 2013. Lithos U − Pb baddeleyite and zircon ages of 2040 Ma, 1650 Ma and 885 Ma on dolerites in the West African Craton (Anti-Atlas inliers): Possible links to break-up of Precambrian supercontinents. Lithos 174: 71–84. [Google Scholar]
La Fleche MR, Camiré G, Jenner GA. 1998. Geochemistry of post-Acadian, Carboniferous continental intraplate basalts from the Maritimes Basin, Magdalen Islands, Quebec, Canada. USDA Forest Service − General Technical Report RMRS-GTR 148: 115–136. [Google Scholar]
Lama C. 1993. Apport de la méthode K-Ar à la compréhension de l’histoire géologique des granitoïdes birimiens du Liptako (Niger Occidental) et des leucogranites à deux micas de Tagragra d’AKKA (Anti-Atlas Occidental, Maroc). Thèse INPN l’Université de Loraine, 142p. [Google Scholar]
Leake BE, Woolley AR, B. W. D. et al. 1997. Nomencalture of amphiboles: Report of the subcommittee on amphiboles of the international mineralogical association, commission on new minerals and mineral names. Can Mineral 35: 219–246. [Google Scholar]
Le Bas MJ, Le Maitre RW, Streckeisen A, Zanettin B. 1986. A chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali-silica diagram. J Petrol 27: 745–750. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Lefort JP, Aifa T. 2001. Paleomagnetic and geochronological evidence for a large rotation of the West African craton between 1.9 and 1.4 Ga: A kinematic model for the fragmentation of columbia and the accretion of Rodinia. Gondwana Res 4: 1994–1995. [Google Scholar]
Liégeois JP, Claessens W, Camara D, Klerkx J. 1991. Short-lived Eburnian orogeny in southern Mali. Geology, tectonics, U-Pb and Rb-Sr geochronology. Precambrian Res 50: 111–136. [Google Scholar]
Lompo M. 2009. Geodynamic evolution of the 2.25-2.0 Ga Palaeoproterozoic magmatic rocks in the Man-Leo shield of the West African Craton. A model of subsidence of an oceanic plateau. Geol Soc Spec Publ 323: 231–254. [Google Scholar]
Machens E. 1973. Contribution à l’étude des formations du socle cristallin et de la couverture sédimentaire de l’Ouest de la République du Niger. In Mém. BRGM N° 82. [Google Scholar]
Marcelot G, Maury RC, Lefevre C. 1983. Mineralogy of Erromango lavas (New Hebrides): Evidence of an early stage of fractionation in island arc basalts. Lithos 16: 135–151. [Google Scholar]
Marzoli A, Callegaro S, Dal Corso J, Davies JHFL, Chiaradia M, Youbi N, et al. 2018. The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP): a review. In: Tanner LH, ed. The late triassic world: earth in a time of transition, topics in geobiology. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 91–125. [Google Scholar]
McDonough, W. F., Sun, S. s. (1995). The composition of the Earth. Chemical Geology, 120(3–4), 223–253 [Google Scholar]
Mottl MJ. 1983. Metabasalts, axial hot springs, and the structure of hydrothermal systems at mid-ocean ridges (Atlantic Ocean). Geol Soc Am Bull 94: 161–180. [Google Scholar]
Morimoto N, Fabries J, Ferguson AK, Ginzburg IV, Ross M, Seifert FA, et al. 1988. Nomenclature of pyroxenes. Bulletin de Minéralogie 111: 535–550. [Google Scholar]
Moutbir O, Aarab EM, Youbi N, Ait Lahna A, Tassinari CCG, Mata J, et al. 2024. Evidence of a large igneous province at ca. 347–330 Ma along the northern Gondwana margin linked to the assembly of Pangea: Insights from U-Pb zircon geochronology and geochemistry of the South-Western Branch of the Variscan Belt (Morocco). Earth-Sci Rev 258: 104905. [Google Scholar]
Naba S. 2007. Propriétés magnétiques et caractères structuraux des granites du Burkina Faso oriental (Craton Ouest Africain, 2,2-2,0 Ga): implications géodynamiques. Thèse de Doctorat de l’Université de Toulouse, 175p. [Google Scholar]
Norcross C, Davis DW, Spooner ETC, Rust A. 2000. U-Pb and Pb-Pb age constraints on Paleoproterozoic magmatism, deformation and gold mineralization in the Omai area, Guyana Shield. Precambrian Res 102: 69–86. [Google Scholar]
Noura GR, Ahmed Y, Baratoux L, Ernst RE, Attourabi SA, Hallarou MM, et al. 2023a. Petrogenesis and geochemistry of WNW-ESE to NW-SE trending doleritic dykes of the Paleoproterozoic Liptako basement (West African Craton, West Niger). J Afr Earth Sci 208: 1–17. [Google Scholar]
Oinam GS, Krishnakanta A, et al. 2020. Extension continentale de la marge septentrionale du Gondwana dans l ’ Himalaya oriental: contraintes de la géochimie et des âges de zircon U − Pb des intrusifs Extension continentale de la marge septentrionale du Gondwana dans l ’ Himalaya oriental: co. Comptes Rendus Géoscience, Tome 352: 19–41. [Google Scholar]
Parra-Avila LA, Kemp AIS, Fiorentini ML, Belousova E, Baratoux L, Block S, et al. 2017. The geochronological evolution of the Paleoproterozoic Baoulé-Mossi domain of the Southern West African Craton. Precambrian Res 300: 1–27. [Google Scholar]
Pawlig S, Gueye M, Klischies R, Schwarz S, Wemmer K, Siegesmund S. 2006. Geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic data on the Birimian of the Kedougou-Kenieba Inlier (Eastern Senegal): Implications on the Palaeoproterozoic evolution of the West African Craton. South Afr J Geol 109: 411–427. [Google Scholar]
Pearce JA, Ernst RE, Peate DW, Rogers C. 2021. LIP printing: use of immobile element proxies to characterize Large Igneous Provinces in the geologic record. Lithos 392-393: 1–28. [Google Scholar]
Pearce JA. 1982. Trace element characteristics of lavas from destructive plate boundaries. In: Thorpe RS, ed. Andesite. Chichester: J. Wiley and Sons pp. 525–548. [Google Scholar]
Pearce JA, Cann JR. 1973. Tectonic setting of basic volcanic rocks determined using trace element analyses. Earth Planet Sci Lett 19: 290–300. [Google Scholar]
Panda A, Sarma DS, Patel R. 2023. Geochemistry, magma flow characteristics and petrogenesis of Paleoproterozoic NW-NNW trending mafic dykes from central Bastar craton, India. J Earth Syst Sci 132: 1–28. [Google Scholar]
Pons J, Barbey P, Dupuis D, Léger JM. 1995. Mechanisms of pluton emplacement and structural evolution of a 2.1 Ga juvenile continental crust: the Birimian of southwestern Niger. Precambrian Res 70: 281–301. [Google Scholar]
Porras MR. 2010. Genèse et évolution des magmas andésitiques à rhyodacitiques récents des volcans Misti et Ubinas (Sud du Pérou). Thèse de l’Université Blaise Pascal − Clermont Ferrand II, 409p. [Google Scholar]
Potrel A, Peucat JJ, Fanning CM. 1998. Archean crustal evolution of the West African Craton: example of the Amsaga Area (Reguibat Rise). U-Pb and Sm-Nd evidence for crustal growth and recycling. Precambrian Res 90: 107–117. [Google Scholar]
Reis NJ, Teixeira W, D’Agrella-Filho MS, Bettencourt JS, Ernst RE, Goulard LEA. 2022. Large igneous provinces of the Amazonian Craton and their metallogenic potential in Proterozoic times. In Srivastava RK, Ernst RE, Buchan KL, de Kock M, eds. Large Igneous Provinces and their Plumbing Systems. Geol Soc London Spec Publ 518: 493–529. [Google Scholar]
Rooney, A. D. Selby, D., Houzay, J. P., Renne, P. R. (2010). Re-Os geochronology of a Mesoproterozoic sedimentary succession, Taoudeni basin, Mauritania: Implications for basin-wide correlations and Re-Os organic-rich sediments systematics. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 289: 486–496. [Google Scholar]
Rudnick RL, Gao S. 2003. Composition of the continental crust. Treatise Geochem 9: 1–64. [Google Scholar]
Santos JOS, Hartmann LA, McNaughton NJ, Fletcher IR. 2002. Timing of mafic magmatism in the Tapajós Province (Brazil) and implications for the evolution of the Amazon Craton: Evidence from baddeleyite and zircon U-Pb SHRIMP geochronology. J South Am Earth Sci 15: 409–429. [Google Scholar]
Sengupta P, Ray A, Pramanik S. 2014. Mineralogical and chemical characteristics of newer dolerite dyke around Keonjhar, Orissa: Implication for hydrothermal activity in subduction zone setting. J Earth Syst Sci 123: 887–904. [Google Scholar]
Sakyi PA, Su BX, Manu J, Kwayisi D, Anani CY, Alemayehu M, et al. 2020. Origin and tectonic significance of the metavolcanic rocks and mafic enclaves from the Palaeoproterozoic Birimian Terrane, SE West African Craton, Ghana. Geol Mag 157: 1349–1366. [Google Scholar]
Senyah GA, Dampare SB, Asiedu DK. 2016. Geochemistry and tectonic setting of the Paleoproterozoic metavolcanic rocks from the Chirano Gold District, Sefwi belt, Ghana. J Afr Earth Sci 122: 32–46. [Google Scholar]
Shumlyanskyy L, Ernst RE, Söderlund U, Billström K, Mitrokhin O, Tsymbal S. 2016. New U-Pb ages for mafic dykes in the Northwestern region of the Ukrainian shield: coeval tholeiitic and jotunitic magmatism. GFF 138: 79–85. [Google Scholar]
Söderlund U, Ernst RE, Youbi N, et al. 2013a. A major Archean (2688 Ma) dyke swarm discovered in the western Reguibat Shield, West African craton, Morocco. Unpublished Report #A131 (20 February 2013). Consortium Project for Reconstruction of Supercontinents Supercontinents Back Back to 2.7 Ga Using t. Unpublished Report #A131 (20 February 2013). 6p [Google Scholar]
Soumaila A, Ahmed Y, Nouhou H. 2016b. Géochimie des basites et ultrabbasites de Ladanka (Liptako, Niger). J Des Sci 16: 37–54. [Google Scholar]
Soumaila A, Garba Z, Moussa IA, Nouhou H, Sebag D. 2016a. Highlighting the root of a paleoproterozoic oceanic arc in Liptako, Niger, West Africa. J Geol Min Res 8: 13–27. [Google Scholar]
Soumaila A, Henry P, Garba Z, Rossi M. 2008. REE patterns, Nd-Sm and U-Pb ages of the metamorphic rocks of the Diagorou-Darbani greenstone belt (Liptako, SW Niger): Implication for Birimian (Palaeoproterozoic) crustal genesis. Geol Soc Spec Publ 297: 19–32. [Google Scholar]
Soumaila A, Henry P, Rossy M. 2004. Contexte de mise en place des roches basiques de la ceinture de roches vertes birimienne de Diagorou-Darbani (Liptako, Niger, Afrique de l’Ouest): Plateau océanique ou environnement d’arc/bassin arrière-arc océanique. Comptes Rendus Geoscience 336: 1137–1147. [Google Scholar]
Soumaila A. 2000. Etude Structurale, pétrographique et géochimique de la ceinture Birimiènne de Diagorou Darbani, Liptako, Niger Occidental (Afrique de l’Ouest). Thèse de Doctorat de l’Université de France-Comté, 260p. [Google Scholar]
Speer JA. 1984. Micas in igneous rocks. In: Bailey SW, ed. Micas. Reviews in Mineralogy 13. [Google Scholar]
Sun SS, McDonough WF. 1989. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: Implications for mantle composition and processes. Geol Soc Spec Publ 42: 313–345. [Google Scholar]
Tait J, Straathof G, Söderlund U, Ernst RE, Key R, Jowitt SM, et al. 2013. The ahmeyim great dyke of mauritania: a newly dated archaean intrusion. Lithos 174: 323–332. [Google Scholar]
Tapsoba BL, Ching-Hua H, Wenmenga U, Iizuka Y, Chung SL, Shellnutt G. 2018. Chemical and Sr-Nd compositions and 40Ar/39Ar ages of NW-trending dolerite dikes of Burkina Faso: Evidence for a Mesoproterozoic magmatism in the West African Craton. Geosci Front 9: 1957–1980. [Google Scholar]
Thiéblemont D, Goujou JC, Egal E, Cocherie A, Delor C, Lafon JM, et al. 2004. Archean evolution of the Leo Rise and its Eburnean reworking. J Afr Earth Sci 39: 97–104. [Google Scholar]
Thomas RJ, Chevallier LP, Gresse PG, Harmer RE, Eglington BM, Armstrong RA, et al. 2002. Precambrian evolution of the Sirwa Window, Anti-Atlas Orogen, Morocco. Precambrian Res 118: 1–57. [Google Scholar]
Traoré DY. 2017. Etude métallogénique du district aurifère de Syama (Mali): analyse comparative de gisements situés sur une même structure lithosphérique éburnéenne. Thèse de Doctorat de l’Université de Toulouse, pp. 40–75. [Google Scholar]
Thornton, et al. 1960. Chemistry of Igneous rocks I. Differentiation Index. Am J Sci 258: 664–684. [Google Scholar]
Vicat JP, Ngounouno I, Pouclet A. 2001. Existence de dykes doléritiques anciens à composition de tholéiites continentales au sein de la province alcaline de la ligne du Cameroun. Implication sur le contexte géodynamique. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie Des Sciences − Series IIA − Earth Planet Sci 332: 243–249. [Google Scholar]
Vicat JP, Pouclet A, Nkoumbou CM, Semé SA. 1997. The fissural Neoproterozoic volcanism of the Lower Dja, Yokadouma (Cameroon) and Nola (RCA) Series − Geotectonic meaning. Comptes Rendus de l’Academie de Sciences − Serie IIa: Sciences de La Terre et Des Planetes 325: 671–677. [Google Scholar]
Vidal M, Delor C, Pouclet A, Simeon Y, Alric G. 1996. Evolution géodynamique de l’Afrique de l’Ouest entre 2,2 Ga et 2 Ga: Le style «archéen» des ceintures vertes et des ensembles sédimentaires birimiens du nord-est de la Côte-d’Ivoire. Bulletin de La Societe Geologique de France 167: 307–319. [Google Scholar]
Vegas N, Naba S, Bouchez JL, Jessell M. 2008. Structure and emplacement of granite plutons in the Paleoproterozoic crust of Eastern Burkina Faso: Rheological implications. Int J Earth Sci 97: 1165–1180. [Google Scholar]
Verati C, Bertrand H, Féraud G. 2005. The farthest record of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province into West Africa craton: Precise 40Ar/39Ar dating and geochemistry of Taoudenni basin intrusives (northern Mali). Earth Planet Sci Lett 235: 391–407. [Google Scholar]
Walsh GJ, Aleinikoff JN, Benziane F, Yazidi A, Armstrong TR. 2002. U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Paleoproterozoic Tagragra de Tata inlier and its Neoproterozoic cover, western Anti-Atlas, Morocco. Precambrian Res 117: 1–20. [Google Scholar]
Winchester JA, Floyd PA. 1975. Geochemical magma type discrimination application to altered and metamorphic basic igneous rocks. Earth Planet Sci Lett 28: 459–469. [Google Scholar]
Wood DA. 1980. The application of a Th‒Hf‒Ta diagram to problems of tectonomagmatic classification and to establishing the nature of crustal contamination of basaltic lavas of the British Tertiary Volcanic Province. Earth Planet Sci Lett 50: 11–30. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Youbi N, Ernst RE, Söderlund U, Boumehdi MA, Ait Lahna A, Tassinari CCG, et al. 2020. The Central Iapetus magmatic province: An updated review and link with the ca. 580 Ma Gaskiers glaciation. In Adatte T, Bond DPG, Keller G, eds. Mass Extinctions, Volcanism, and Impacts: New Developments. Geol Soc Am Spec Paper 544: 35–66. [Google Scholar]
Youbi N, Kouyaté D, Söderlund U, Ernst RE, Soulaimani A, Hafid A, et al. 2013. The 1750 Ma magmatic event of the West African craton. Precambrian Res 236: 106–123. [Google Scholar]
Youbi N, Ernst R, Söderlund U, Bertrand H, Doblas M, El Hachimi H, et al. 2011. Large igneous provinces of the West African Craton: The record preserved in regional dyke swarms. Large Igneous Provinces Commision, May, 1–12. [Google Scholar]

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.