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Review

Table 1

Paleomagnetic database used in the discussion. N: number of sites used, n: number of samples. D: declination, I: Inclination, α95: 95% confidence cone, K: precision parameter, R: predicted rotation, dR: error on the rotation (calculated after Demarest, 1983). The rotation and its error are calculated taking into account the age of magnetization and the corresponding Torsvik et al. (2012) synthetic APWP reference. (a): combination of data from Crouzet et al., 1996; Dumont et al., 2008; Ménard et Rochette, 1992 and Lamarche et al., 1988.

  III. Primary directions with paleohorizontal      
  Formation Lat Long Age of magnetization (Ma) N/n D I alpha 95 K Rotation dR Significant Age − R Reference
1 Swiss Molasse 46.5 6 \ 7 13-29 2412 16.4 46.7 3.3 82.9 12.4 5.0 Y 20 Kempf et al., 1998
2 Savoie Molasse 46 5.9 26-23 2 352.2 53.8 6.3 11.4 −12.8 9.1 Y 25 Burbank et al., 1992
3 Paleocene lacustrine 43.6 5.5 Paleocene 10/96 9.5 46.8 8.3 33.2 9.2 10.2 N 60 Westphal and Durand, 1989
4 Paleocene lacustrine 43.5 5.5 Paleocene 335 5.6 52.5 1.2 23 5.3 3.8 Y 60 Cojan et al., 2000
5 Continental Oligocene 43.5 5.5 30-25 41 350.6 55.1 3.5 618 −16.5 6.0 Y 25 Kechra et al., 2003
6 Arc de Nice Priabonian 43.8 7.41 35 2/26 229.1 −36.9 2.6 452 42.0 4.4 Y 35 Sonnette, 2012
7 Eo-Oligocene, Ultra helvetic nappes (Dérochoir) 46 6.8 Eo-Oligocene 16 312.3 58.5 11.4 9.5 −55.9 18.0 Y 40 Piquet et al., 2000
8 Eo-Oligocene, Ultra helvetic nappes (Marais) 45.9 6.4 Eo-Oligocene 35 243.2 48.7 6.7 26.8 −125.1 8.9 Y 40 Piquet et al., 2000
9 Torino and Monferrato Hills 45.1 8.1 Miocene 2/17 331.5 63.5 15.6 259.0 −31.6 29.4 Y 15 Bormioli and Lanza (1995)
10 Piemonte basin − Northwestern Apennine 44.8 9 Late Eocene-Early Oligocene 1/33 333.2 50.3 5.8 – −32.8 7.3 Y 30 Vandenberg (1979)
11 Oligocene Piemonte Basin 44.8 9 Oligocene 10 318.7 53.8 6.6 55.0 −46.3 9.5 Y 25 Thio, 1988
12 Tertiary Piemonte Basin 44.5 8.5 Oligocene-lower miocene 3/31 320.2 44.5 – – −43.8     20 Carrapa et al. (2003)
13 Tertiary Piemonte Basin 44.5 8.5 Oligocene 23 310.6 45.6 13.7 19.7 −55.5 15.7 Y 30 Maffione et al., 2008
14 Sardinia preopening volcanics (synthesys) 42 9 Late Oligocene-Aquitanian 59 329.2 44.7 4.9 15 −34.8 6.3 Y 20 Muttoni et al., 1998
15 Sardinia sediments 39.6 8.8 Lower-Middle Miocene 1/24 340.6 39.3 3.9 58.6 −23.4 5.1 Y 20 Speranza et al., 2002
16 Sardinia Volcanics 40.2 8.7 20-21 35 320.6 46.4 6.4 15 −43.4 8.0 Y 20 Gattacceca et al., 2007
17 Corsica St Florent basin 42.7 9.3 Midlle Miocene 4 342.6 47 9.3 99 −20.5 11.2 Y 15 Vigliotti and Kent, 1990
18 Corsica Balagne sediments 42.6 9 Midle Eocene 1/17 151 −47.2 4 80 −37.2 6.0 Y 40 Vigliotti and Kent, 1990
19 Corsica volcanics 41.4 9.2 ∼21 4 343 60 8.8 110 −21.0 14.4 Y 20 Ferrandini et al., 2003
20 Corsica Oligocene Sediments 41.9 8.8 Chattian 1/8 140 −31 3.1 313 −45.0 4.4 Y 25 Ferrandini et al., 2003
21 Epiligurian basins 44.4 10.8 Late Oligocene-Middle Miocene 7/62 303.5 48 11.2 30 −61.0 14.4 Y 25 Muttoni et al., 1998
                             
  II. Secondary directions with paleohorizontal      
  Formation Lat Long Age (Ma) N D I alpha 95 K Rotation dR Significant Age − R Reference
22 Metasediments Adamello 46 10.6 40-30 15 9.6 61.2 5.9 54.4 2.5 10.4 N 30 Kipfer and Heller, 1988
23 Chartreuse and Vercors 45.2 5.5 Tertiary 119 12.6 56 7 42 8.6 10.5 N 30 Aubourg and Rochette, 1992
24 Berrias normal 44.4 4.3 Tertiary ? 83 9 49.2 3.6 18.6 0.8 5.8 N 30 Galbrun, 1985
  Berrias reverse 44.4 4.3 Berriasian 80 170.6 −43.6 4.6 11.4 −9.4 5.0 Y * Galbrun, 1985
25 Cevennes 44.2 4.1 Eocene 15/244 3.1 55.7 0.8 165 −5.1 4.0 Y 40 Henry et al., 2001
26 Cevennes 44 3.8 40 11/88 10.4 63.9 7.3 39.9 2.2 13.8 N 40 Kechra et al., 2003
27 Ventoux massif 44.2 5.8 40 10/80 355.5 55.1 7.6 41.4 −12.7 11.2 Y 40 Kechra et al., 2003
28 Vocontian basin 44.4 5.6 40 15/227 357.7 54.8 6 42.1 −10.5 9.1 Y 40 Katz et al., 1998, 2000
29 Dévoluy-Diois 44.6 5.7 Tertiary 89 338.6 53.5 10.6 17.8 −27.5 14.3 Y 30 Aubourg et Chabert-Pelline, 1999
30 Barrot Dôme 44 6.8 30 4 300.9 58.0 9.9 52.1 −65.1 15.0 Y 30 Sonnette et al., 2014
31 Esparon 44.32 6.15 <10 7/62 5.1 60.9 7 76.3 2.8 11.7 N 10 Cairanne, 2004
32 Gaubert 44.03 6.21 <10 3/28 14.8 58.4 5.7 475.7 12.5 8.9 Y 10 Cairanne, 2004
33 Bès 44.24 6.26 <23 4/31 347.3 60.2 9.7 91.3 −17.7 16.0 Y 25 Cairanne, 2004
34 Barrème 43.96 6.41 <23 2/21 1.8 60.1 3.8 440.7 −3.2 6.9 N 25 Cairanne, 2004
35 Arc de Castellane 43.92 6.8 <10 15 355.1 63.5 7 30.8 −7.2 12.7 N 10 Sonnette 2012
36 Arc de Nice 43.85 7.42 <10 3/30 349.2 62 7.1 303 −13.1 12.2 Y 10 Sonnette 2012
37 Jura 47.2 7.2 Miocene 16/192 359.1 63.8 5.7 43 −3.2 10.5 N 15 Johnson et al., 1984
38 Digne nappe 44 6.5 Tertiary 80 348.4 52.5 16.6 7.8 −17.6 22.2 N 30 Aubourg et Chabert-Pelline, 1999
                             
  III. Primary directions without paleohorizontal      
  Formation Lat Long Age (Ma) N D I alpha 95 K Rotation dR Significant Age − R Reference
39 Bergell massif 46 8 30-25 405 338.7 57.4 1.2 – −26.3 3.7 Y 30 Heller, 1980
40 Sesia andesites dikes 45.5 8 33-30 68 337.2 37.3 9.7 – −28.8 9.8 Y 30 Lanza, 1977
41 Sesia andesites flows 45.5 8 ∼30 152 135.9 −2.9 8.8 27.8 −50.1 7.1 Y 30 Lanza, 1979
42 Traversella massif 45.5 7.8 ∼30 8/150 142.7 −6.3 6 – −43.3 5.0 Y 30 Lanza, 1984
43 Dikes Biellese 45.6 8.1 Tertiary 11 331 31 19 – −35.0 17.7 Y 30 Bigioggero et al., 1981
44 Esterelite intrusions 43.5 6.8 33 37 349.5 51 7.1 118 −17.6 9.6 Y 30 Zijderveld, 1975
  IV. Secondary directions without paleohorizontal      
  Formation Lat Long Age (Ma) N D I alpha 95 K Rotation dR Significant Age − R Reference
45 Aar massif 46.5 8.7 25-12. 2/27 186.7 −70.1 8.1 – 2.7 19.6 N 20 Heller, 1980
46 Eastern Dauphinois zone (North − Joly) 45.8 6.7 20-30 14 18.3 63.4 9.7 17.7 13.3 17.8 N 25 Crouzet Unpublished
47 Eastern Dauphinois zone (Center − Maurienne) 45.3 6.3 20-30 43 358.9 63 4.7 22.6 −6.1 8.8 N 25 Ménard and Rochette, 1992
48 Eastern Dauphinois zone (Bourd d’Oisans + Romanche) 45 6.1 25-23 58 3.5 61.5 3.9 24.2 −1.5 7.3 N 25 (a)
49 Briançonnais Am. Rosso 44.7 6.6 30-25 76 142 −57 8 44 −44.0 11.8 Y 25 Thomas et al., 1999
50 Ubaye Am. Rosso 44.5 6.8 Lower Oligocene 85 121 −52 11 17 −64.0 14.6 Y 30 Collombet, 2001
51 Liguria 44.1 7.6 Lower Oligocene 58 72 −48 15 20 −113.0 18.3 Y 30 Collombet, 2001
52 Lepontine dome (without Bergell) 46.3 8.8 25-12. 8/102 331.7 59.5 7.8 51.9 −32.3 12.7 Y 20 Heller, 1980
53 Traversella massif 45.5 7.8 post 30 2/34 338.7 55.7 25.4 98.6 −27.3 39.2 N post 25 Lanza, 1984
54 Besano Mt San Giorgio 45.8 8.9 Eocene 2/32 338.5 34.1 5.3 24.3 −27.5 5.3 Y post 30 Dallanave and Muttoni, 2007
55 Permian volcanic rocks Guil valley 44.67 6.67 Eocene ? 8 147 −32 14 16.7 −39.0 13.2 Y 30 Roche and Westphal, 1969

The rotation is calculated after Demarest (1983) taking into account the age of magnetization and the corresponding Torsvik et al. (2012) synthetic APWP reference.

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