Open Access
Table 2
Main results of pollen, coprophilous fungus spores (CFS), carbonized particles (CP), ash content and XRF analyses for each local pollen assemblage zones (LPAZ). (AP: arboreal pollens; API: anthropogenic pollen indicators; +,++,+++: qualitative presence; −: absence).
| LPAZ Dates (cal.BP) |
Chrono-cultural periods (cal. BP) |
Main vegetation | AP | NAP, Spores | Crops | API | CFS | CP | Ash content and XRF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WAL6 400-45 |
Modern period | Pinus- (Quercus-Fagus) |
– Pinus increase – 280 cal. BP: Picea increase |
– Second maximum of Poaceae (values %) – 100 cal. BP: increase of Cyperaceae and Juncus, decrease of Sphagnum |
++ | +++ | + | + | – Decrease of ash content after peak at 360 cal. BP – Strong increase of Pb/Ti |
| WAL5b 600-400 |
Late Middle Ages (650–450) |
Quercus | – Increase of all trees − 480 cal. BP: Quercus maximal values (44%) |
– Decrease of Poaceae – Maximum of Calluna and aquatic taxa – Decrease of Ericaceae |
+++ | ++++ | – | + | – Increase of ash content – Increase of Si, Ti – Increase of Si/Ti – Increase of Pb/Ti, Zn/Ti |
| WAL5a 900-600 |
High Middle Ages (950-650) |
– 770 cal. BP: AP decrease – 620 cal. BP: brief fall of all trees – Pinus decrease |
– Increase and maximum of Poaceae (values %) – Decrease of Sphagnum |
+++ | ++++ | +++ | ++ | – Increase of ash content – Increase of Si, Ti |
|
| WAL4d 1100-900 |
Early Middle Ages (1450-950) |
Pinus- (Quercus-Fagus) |
– Increase of Carpinus – 976 cal. BP: beginning of Quercus increase |
– Increase of Ericaceae and Sphagnum | – | ++ | + | – | – Very low ash content – Small decrease of Si, Ti |
| WAL4c 1350-1100 |
– Pinus decrease – Increase of Carpinus and Fagus |
– Increase of Calluna and Sphagnum – Decrease of Juncus |
+ | ++ | ++ | ++ | – Decrease of ash content – Small decrease of Si, Ti |
||
| WAL4b 2000-1350 |
Gallo-Roman period (2000-1450) |
– 1560 cal. BP: beginning of Pinus decrease – 1935 cal. BP: peak of Quercus (27%) |
– Decrease of Calluna – Maximal values of Juncus |
++ | +++ | + | ++ | – Low ash content – Elements more or less stable |
|
| WAL4a 2700-2000 |
Iron Age (2750-2000) |
– Decrease of AP, particularly Fagus | – Increase of Poaceae – Increase of Calluna |
++ | +++ | + | +++ | – Low ash content – Elements more or less stable |
|
| WAL3 4100-2700 |
Bronze Age (4150-2750) |
Pinus-Fagus | – 3290 cal. BP: peak of Fagus – 3745 cal. BP: decrease of Corylus and beginning of Carpinus – Decrease of Ulmus and Tilia |
– Increase of Calluna – 3520 cal. BP: peak of Poaceae (18%) |
+ | + | – | ++ | – Decrease of ash content, Si and Ti at the beginning of zone – 3900 cal.BP: increase of Pb/Ti, Si/Ti |
| WAL2 5700-4100 |
Neolithic (4150-7450) |
Pinus-Corylus | – 4580 cal. BP: increase of Fagus – Occurences of Abies and Picea |
– Rare occurrences of Calluna – Juncus increase – Increase of Monoletes |
– | + | – | – | – Decrease of Si, Ti – 4180 cal. BP: peak of ash |
| WAL1 6620-5700 |
– Rare occurrences of Picea – Maximal values of Pinus, Corylus, Tilia and Ulmus |
– Rare occurrences of Calluna and Juncus – Maximum values of Monoletes |
– | + | – | – | – Increase of Si and Ti – 80% of ash content |
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.