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Table 1
Comparison of bibliographic data supporting published Urgonian facies models. If not specifically mentioned, cited figures refer to the reference paper. See text and Section 5.5 for related comments and localities, respectively.
| Arnaud-Vanneau and Arnaud, 1976 | Arnaud-Vanneau, 1979 | Arnaud-Vanneau et al., 1982 | Arnaud-Vanneau et al., 1987 | Bodin, 2006 | Godet et al., 2010 | Masse and Fenerci-Masse, 2011 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shoal or “haut-fond” model | Platform model | Photozoan | Heterozoan | |||||||
| Bibliographic origin | University | Grenoble | Grenoble | Grenoble, Lyon and Marseille | Grenoble | Lausanne-Neuchâtel | Lausanne-Neuchâtel | Aix-Marseille | ||
| Reference | Arnaud-Vanneau and Arnaud, 1976; Arnaud-Vanneau, 1980: Arnaud, 1981 | Arnaud-Vanneau and Arnaud, 1976; Arnaud-Vanneau, 1979; Arnaud-Vanneau, 1980: Arnaud, 1981 | Arnaud-Vanneau and Arnaud, 1976; Arnaud-Vanneau, 1980; Masse and Philip, 1981 | Arnaud-Vanneau and Arnaud, 1976; Arnaud-Vanneau, 1979; Arnaud-Vanneau, 1980: Arnaud, 1981 | Arnaud-Vanneau, 1980; Föllmi et al., 1994, 2006; Bodin, 2006; Bodin et al., 2006 | Arnaud-Vanneau, 1980; Arnaud-Vanneau et al., 1987; Arnaud-Vanneau and Arnaud, 2005; Godet, 2006; Godet et al., 2010 | Masse, 1976, 1993; Arnaud-Vanneau, 1980; Masse and Philip, 1981 | |||
| Spatial data | Region | Subalpine region | Subalpine region | SE France | Jura-Subalpine region | Helvetic Mountains (Switzerland and Austria) | Helvetic and Jura Mountains (Switzerland) | SE France | ||
| Zone | Vercors | Vercors | Subalpine domain, Bas-Vivarais and Provence | From Neuchâtel to Die | Helvetic thrust and fold belt | Western Swiss Jura | Provence | |||
| Palaeogeographic location | In the vicinity of the northern margin of the Vocontian Basin | In the vicinity of the northern margin of the Vocontian Basin | French Peri-Vocontian platforms | Northern Peri-Vocontian platform | Switzerland northern Peri-Vocontian platform | Switzerland northern Peri-Vocontian platform | Southern Peri-Vocontian platform | |||
| Data collection area | 50 km2 (Figs. 4–12) | cf. model of Arnaud-Vanneau and Arnaud, 1976 | 400 000 km2 (Figs. 5 and 6) | 300 km-long transect (Fig. A28) | 8000 km2 incl. a 70-km-long correlated transect (Föllmi et al., 1994, Fig. 1) | 60-km-long transect (Fig. 1) | 22 500 km2 incl. a 130-km-long correlated transect (6 reference log sections; Figs. 3 and 21) | |||
| Number of data | 24 log sections (Figs. 4–12) | cf. model of Arnaud-Vanneau and Arnaud, 1976 | 13 reference log sections, several hundreds and up to 1000-m-thick (Fig. 9) | 7 reference log sections, several hundreds and up to 2000-m-thick (Fig. A30) | 19 log sections, from m-scale to > 100-m-thick Lower Cretaceous sections (cf. Föllmi et al., 1994, Figs. 1 and 2) | Five log sections, from 10 to < 100-m-thick (Fig. 17) | 65 log sections, from few meters to 250-m-thick (Figs. 3 and 21) | |||
| Spatial resolution (log distance) | 5–15 km (Figs. 4–12) | cf. model of Arnaud-Vanneau and Arnaud, 1976 | 25–70 km (Fig. 9A) | 5–15 km (Fig. A29) and up to 50 km (Figs. A28 and A31) | 5–20 km (Föllmi et al., 1994, Figs. 1 and 2) | 10–30 km (Fig. 1) | 3–55 km (Figs. 3, 10 and 12) | |||
| Thickness | Maximum thickness of “contemporaneaous strata” | 220-m-thick log of Bi6 sequence (Arnaud, 1981, p. 52) | < 300-m-thick log from Bs2 to Ai2 (Arnaud, 1981, p. 52) | Undefined; facies model representative for ca. 1000-m-thick deposits from Bi2 to Ai2 (Arnaud, 1981, p. 52) | Undefined; facies model representative for up to 1000-m-thick deposits (Fig. 9) | Undefined; facies model representative for up to 2000-m-thick deposits (Fig. A30) | Undefined for the Upper Barremian-Lower Aptian interval (Schrattenkalk and Drusberg Fm; Figs. A.2.5, B.2.2 and C.5.7) [ca. 60 m in Godet et al., 2010, Fig. 19] | Undefined for the Upper Barremian-Lower Aptian interval (Lower Orbitolina Beds and Drusberg Fm; Figs. A.2.5, B.2.2 and C.5.7) [ca. 10 m in Godet et al., 2010, Fig. 19] | 30-m-thick “Urgonien Jaune Fm” TST (Fig. 17) | Rudist facies association mainly show 50- and up to 100-m-thick deposits (Figs. 10–14, 17 and 21) |
| Temporal data | Age | Lower Barremian at the Lower Barremian-Upper Barremian boundary (Bi6 sequence; Figs. 2 and 6) | Upper Barremian boundary (BsAi sequence; Figs. 2 and 10) | Barremian–Lower Aptian (from Bi2 to Ai2 sequences; cf. model of Arnaud-Vanneau and Arnaud, 1976) | Valanginian–Aptian (Tab. 1) | Berriasian–Aptian (Fig. A27) | Upper Barremian–Lower Aptian (ca. 122–127 Ma; Fig. A.2.5) | Upper Barremian-Lower Aptian (around 128 and 124 Ma; Fig. A.2.5) | Hauterivian–Barremian (Fig. 2) | Late Barremian–Lower Aptian (Figs. 2 and 20); also cf. later modification by Frau et al., 2018 |
| Chronostratigraphic constraints | Five ammonite-bearing localities, plus two localities from outside the study area, which ages are extrapolated to the Vercors; vertical orbitolinid succession calibrated to ammonites | cf. model of Arnaud-Vanneau and Arnaud, 1976 | Undefined | Microfossil biostratigraphy (mainly orbitolinids) tied to earlier ammonite-age calibration cf. model of Arnaud-Vanneau and Arnaud, 1976) | Four ammonite-bearing condensed horizons of Upper Hauterivian to late Lower Aptian in age in the type section (e.g. Tab. B.2.1; Figs. B.2.12, B.3.3 and B.4.4; also in Bodin et al., 2006; also cf. Föllmi et al., 2008) [none within the period of interest here, Upper Barremian–Lower Aptian] | Various ammonites in the Hauterivian, micro- and macrofossils in the Barremian, a nannofossil-bearing condensed horizon in the early Late Barremian and phosphorus content correlation (Figs. 2, 15 and 16; also cf. Godet, 2006) | 4 ammonite- and 4 bivalve-bearing beds are reported in figures (Figs. 8 and 11–14) | |||
| Temporal resolution | ca. 3 Ma | cf. model of Arnaud-Vanneau and Arnaud, 1976 | Undefined | cf. model of Arnaud-Vanneau and Arnaud, 1976 | 1 to 3 Ma (Figs. B.2.12, B.4.4 and C.5.7) | ca. 1 and 2 Ma for the Hauterivian and Barremian, respectively (Figs. 2 and 19) | ca. 1 Ma (Figs. 2, 8 and 11–14) | |||
| Lithostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy temporal resolution | ca. 0.5 Ma dividing equally the 5-Ma-long-Barremian stage into the 10 sequences (Fig. 2) | ca. 0.5 Ma dividing equally the 5-Ma-long-Barremian stage into the 10 sequences (Fig. 2) | cf. model of Arnaud-Vanneau and Arnaud, 1976 | ca. 3 Ma based on stage calibration and discontinuities of supra-regional significance (cf. Tab. 1 and Fig. 9) | cf. model of Arnaud-Vanneau and Arnaud, 1976 | Down to 0.5 Ma (Fig. C.5.7) | Down to 0.5 Ma for the Hauterivian (Fig. 19) | ca. 1 Ma based on four drowning surfaces sensu Schlager (1981) and vertical rudist succession (U1–3) directly or indirectly tied to ammonite-age calibration (Figs. 2, 11 and 13) | ||
| Facies model | Morphology | Isolated flat-topped platform | Attached flat-topped platform | Isolated flat-topped platform | Attached flat-topped platform | Isolated flat-topped platform | Distally-steepened ramp | Homoclinal ramp | Rimmed shelf | Flat-topped platform (cf. Sect. 4 of Masse and Fenerci-Masse, 2011) |
| Spatial extent along dip | 30 (Fig. 6) or 40 km (Fig. 3) | 50 km (Fig. 3) | 50 km (Fig. 3) | No scale | 100 km (Fig. A31) | ca. 200 km (Figs. B.2.1 and B.4.4) | ca. 200 km (Fig. 19; cf. Bodin, 2006) | Up to 150 km (Fig. 2) | ||
| Facies model description and details | Data herein; facies description, palaeogeographic maps and facies distribution | Data in an earlier publication; facies description, paleontology, grain distribution and palaeoecology | Data in an earlier publications; general sedimentary profile zonation, palaeogeographic maps and facies distribution evolution | Data in earlier publications; microfacies description, general sedimentary profile and facies zonation, profile morphology and ammonite and foraminifera palaeoecology | Data herein and in earlier publications; general ecological scheme and facies description | Data herein and in earlier publications; facies description | Data herein and in earlier publications; general sedimentary profile zonation, palaeogeographic maps and facies distribution | |||
| Base of facies model definition and supporting data | Palaeogeographic, outcrop-data-based model (Figs. 4–12) | Conceptual model integrating the non-contemporaneous, three data-based models of Arnaud-Vanneau and Arnaud, 1976 | Palaeogeographic-map-based conceptual model (Figs. 3–8) | Use of Arnaud-Vanneau (1979) model, palaeogeographic maps, Pérès and Picard (1964; Modern) and Masse (1976; Cretaceous) zonation schemes, and sequence stratigraphy | Use of Arnaud-Vanneau (1980) general facies distribution and Föllmi et al. (1994) palaeoecological scheme; phosphorus patterns and sequence stratigraphy | Use of Arnaud-Vanneau (1980) facies distribution and Föllmi et al. (1994) palaeoecological scheme; phosphorus content and sequence stratigraphy | Palaeoenvironmental interpretations; zonation schemes of Pérès and Picard (1964; Modern) and Masse (Masse, 1976, 1991; Masse and Philip, 1981; Masse et al., 2003; Cretaceous) | |||
| Supporting concept | Lateral sedimentological and palaeoecological succession | Lateral sedimentological and palaeoecological succession (Figs. 2–4) | Lateral sedimentological and palaeoecological succession | Direct relationship between lateral and vertical facies succession (Figs. A11–A13 and A16) | Föllmi et al. (1994) and James (1997) grain association classification; vertical facies change interpreted in terms of paleoenvironmental (e.g. Figs. C.3.2 and E.1.8) and sea-level changes (e.g. Figs. B.4.4 and C.5.7) | Use of a standard rimmed shelf facies model (cf. Pomar, 2001; Arnaud-Vanneau and Arnaud, 2005; Godet et al., 2016, Sect. 3); direct relationship between lateral and vertical facies succession (e.g. Fig. 5) | “Drowning unconformity” sensu Schlager (1998) and Cretaceous paleoecology (Masse, 1976, 1991) | |||
| Classification | “Palaeoecological succession” | “Palaeoecological succession” | “Palaeoecological succession” | “Standard microfacies lateral succession” | Vertical “palaeoecological succession” | “Standard topographic profile” | Lateral “palaeoecological succession” | |||
| References applications | Jura-Subalpine platform studies | Jura-Subalpine domain studies | Undetermined studies (general, non specific use) | Sequence stratigraphic studies on the Vercors (e.g. Jacquin et al., 1991; Everts et al., 1995; Arnaud-Vanneau et al., 2005; Bastide, 2014; Bonvallet et al., 2019 | Lausanne and Neuchâtel University studies (palaeoceanographic incl. carbon- and phosphorus-based studies) | Bonvallet et al., 2019, but only the facies distribution, not the topographic profile | Aix-Marseille University incl. Richet et al., 2011; Léonide et al., 2012; Tendil et al., 2018 |
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