Open Access
Table 1
Potential terrestrial impact structures, proposed in literature before Kaljuvee’s and Reinwald’s works.
| Author and year of the proposal [selected supporting literature] | Geographic location | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| Halley (1724, p. 122; presented orally in 1694) | Caspian Sea (and other great lake basins) | Placed in theological-catastrophic setting (“Such a choc [of a comet] may have occasioned that vast depression of the Caspian Sea, and other great lakes in the World”) |
| Gruithuisen (1844, 1845) | Aleutian Islands, Kuril Islands, Bohemia, Japanese Islands – Korea, Australia, Sunda Islands, Ceylon, Galapagos Islands; Cape Mt, South Africa | Based on hypothesis of Kant (1785) and Élie de Beaumont (1831) who suggested a similarity of Bohemia and Ceylon, respectively, to lunar circular/mountain volcanic structures (“ring-mountain arcs”) |
| Meydenbauer (1890) | Aleutian Islands, Lesser Antilles; northern Coast Mts, Venezuela; Kuril Islands; Japanese Islands – Korea; Ludschu Islands, China; Mykonos and other Greek islands; Black Sea; Caspian Sea; western Mediterranean Sea; New Guinea, Marianne, Sunda and other Pacific islands; China-Tibet boundary region | Approach similar to Gruithuisen’s, but without credit to him |
| Werner (1904) | Ries Basina, Bavaria, Germany | Guided by the similarity to lunar craters (“cannot fend off the impression that the catastrophe broke into the area suddenly and as if from outside”; see Kölbl-Ebert 2015, p. 28) |
| Barringer (1905) and Tilghman (1905) [Munk (1905), Fairchild (1907), Merrill (1908), Barringer, 1909] | Coon Butte (or Canyon Diablo crater)a, Arizona, USA | Missing volcanism; rich meteoritic iron around the crater; highly disturbed and crushed rocks in the crater rim, and undisturbed succession in the substratum |
| Meydenbauer (1906) | Ries Basina; Neuwieder Basin, Koblenz; Westerwald, Höhr-Grenzhausen; Bolesławiec (Bunzlau), Silesia; Trzebnickie Hills (Katzengebirge), Silesia | Disturbed succession of reference lithostratigraphical units (white clays, biosiliceous rocks) |
| Meydenbauer (1906) | Prieska, Northern Cape Province, South Africa (also presumably e.g., Deccan Traps) | Reference to Meteor Crater and lava floods triggered by cosmic collisions on the Moon surface |
| Högbom (1910) | Mien and Dellen lakesa, Sweden | Overall reference to Meteor Crater in abstract only |
| Kalkun-Kaljuvee (1922, 1933; orally in Kaljuvee, 1919), Reinvaldt-Reinwald (1928, 1940), Kraus et al. (1928) [Ingalls (1928), Kranz (1937)] | Kaali lakea; Estonian island of Saaremaa [Ries cratera, and also several other giant impact sites proposed by Kaljuvee, 1933, such as Mediterrean Sea and Hungarian Plain] | In-depth discussion referenced to Meteor Crater in 1928 and 1933 papers |
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