Examples of upper-crustal structures. (a) Steeply plunging stretching lineation underlined by stretched pebbles on a steeply dipping cleavage within weakly metamorphosed conglomerates (Paleoproterozoic, Rosebel area, Transamazonian Belt, Suriname). (b) Vertical mylonitic fabric bearing vertical stretching lineation within the “Murchison schists” (Archaean, greenschist facies, Murchison Greenstone Belt, South Africa) (modified after Jaguin et al., 2012). (c) Steeply plunging stretching lineation underlined by stretched pebbles in conglomerates (Archaean, southern Abitibi Province, Quebec, Canada).