Simplified geological map of the west European Variscan belt showing the main geological terranes (adapted from Ballèvre et al., 2009, 2014; Ballèvre, 2016), the location of peraluminous rare-metal granites and LCT (Li-Cs-Ta) pegmatites, including petalite (Ptl)-spodumene (Spd)-rich and Li-mica-rich types (Roda-Robles et al., 2018; Gourcerol et al., 2019), as well as Variscan granitoids (Chantraine et al., 2003; Rodríguez Fernández and Oliveira, 2014; Simons et al., 2016; Ribeiro et al., 2019). The ages of rare-metal granites and pegmatites provided in Ma with 2σ error are from 1: Gourcerol et al. (2019), Melleton et al. (2022) ; 2: Cuney et al. (2002); 3: Marcoux et al. (2021); 4: Cheilletz et al. (1992); 5: Van Lichtervelde et al. (2017); 6: Chauvet et al. (2012); 7: Roda-Robles et al. (2023). Dating methods include U-Pb on columbite-group mineral (CGM), cassiterite (Cst), apatite (Ap) and zircon (Zrn) as well as muscovite or Li-mica ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar (Ar-Ar) geochronology. Granitoid typology is from Barbarin (1999). Other abrreviations: MPG: muscovite-bearing peraluminous granite, CPG: cordierite-bearing peraluminous granite, KCG: K-rich K-feldspar porphyritic calc-alkaline granitoid, ACG: amphibole-rich calc-alkaline granitoid, SPZ: South Portuguese Zone, OMZ: Ossa Morena Zone, CIZ: Central Iberian Zone, GTMZ: Galicia Trás Os Montes Zone, WALZ: West Asturian-Leonese Zone, CZ: Cantabrian Zone. Iberian zone boundaries are shown in grey.