Model setup. We varied mantle wind (v_wind), overriding plate velocity (v_ov), and sediment thickness, highlighted in red, in order to obtain a range of flat (M2, M3, M4, M6) and steep (M1, M5) subduction scenario. See Table 3. Subducting plate velocity (v_sub), varies with time: 6 cm yr⁻¹ for the first 10 Ma to initiate subduction, then decreases linearly until reaching 3 cm yr⁻¹ from 15 Ma onwards.