Shallow pluton emplacement models for two detachment permeability laws K_d3 (left column) and K_d4 (right column). (a) (b): distribution of advective areas (Pe numbers greater than 1) before (9.9 Myr), during (10.5 Myr) and after pluton emplacement (11.1 Myr); (c) (d): isotherms and FPFV in detachment zone and secondary faults for both permeabilities at 11.1 Myr. (e) (f): Close-up at 11.1 Myr showing the streamlines (in purple) and Darcy’s velocity (red arrows, size indexed to velocity value) with the same scale for both permeability laws.